Sustainability And Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sustainability And Business - look for Paper ExampleThe article to be discussed is a 2010 study by B. E. Wright and S. K. Pandey entitled Transformational Leadership in the Public Sector Does Structure Matter and has an Organizational Communication classification. Article Critique Transformational Leadership in the Public Sector Does Structure Matter? By Bradley E. Wright and Sanjay K Pandey Introduction The study by Wright and Pandey was intend to determine why on that point was a discrepancy between theoretical models on mainstream leadinghiphip which showed that transformational leaders are expected to be both less common and less effective in unexclusive sector organizations (p. 75) than in the private sector because of strong bureaucratic control mechanisms which apparently leave the customary sector without a need for strong leading. Wright and Pandey noted that this theory has not been supported by meta analyses which had piece that transformational leadership is as co mmon and effective in reality organizations (2010, p. 75). The reasons had considered a number of reasons why there would be a difference between theory and the empirical work on the topic. One of those reasons for suit was that perhaps government organizations themselves were not as bureaucratic as theorists presumed although Wright and Pandey (2010) were not convinced on this idea. They discrete to test the organisational and contextual influences on the emergence and effectiveness of transformational leadership. The study itself was to test how the culture of the public sector organizations might hinder the emergence of transformational leadership (Wright & Pandey, 2010, p.76). The background to the hypothesis The authors provided an ample literature review that covered concepts such as what transformational leadership was the attributes transformational leaders would have and how the behavior of these leaders impacted employee performance and satisfaction, in government agenc ies and non-profits. The second part of the review was written to support the authors idea that there were not a lot of studies that considered organizational structure and its impact on leadership. This led them to test their hypothesis that The more hierarchical an organizations authority structure, the lower the describe practice of transformational leadership behaviors. H.sub.2 The weaker the lateral/upward communication in an organization, the lower the reported practice of transformational leadership behaviors. H.sub.3a,b The greater organizational formalization (measured as 3a procurement red tape and 3b human resource red tape), the lower the reported practice of transformational leadership behaviors H.sub.4 The more an organizations structure impedes the establishment of extrinsic reward-performance contingencies (here measured as human resource red tape), the higher the reported practice of transformational leadership behaviors. H.sub.5 The use of organizational performa nce measures will devolve the reported transformational leadership behaviors (Wright & Pandey, 2010, p.79). The Method The data was collected as part of the Phase 4 of the interior(a) Administrative Studies Project (NASP-IV) and comprised of a survey given to senior managers who had local government jurisdictions with populations over 50,000. This include general managers, as well as functional managers in a variety of departments including Finance, Public industrial plant and Economic Development. International City/County Management Association (ICMA) compiled a list according to study criteria lay out by the authors. Then because email addresses could not be supplied because of

Nursing theory, and application to practice Essay

Nursing scheme, and application to set - Essay ExampleResearch shows (Snyder, Kessler, Hitchings, et.al., 2007), that specific actions made by nursing rounds reduced frequency of direct lights and falls as well as created increased satisfaction with the nursing c ar. However, to reap these benefits meant hourly rounds by the staff. The study by Snyder et.al. (2007) addressed paroxysm, position, and personal needs through by hourly rounding. They set up a decrease in call lights and falls and an increase in patient of satisfaction. Falls were decreased significantly and overall patient satisfaction went from the 3rd quartile to the 1st. This was further supported by a study done by Orr, Tranum, and Kupperschmidt, (2007) showing the very(prenominal) basic results. They showed decreased falls and much improved results in pain control. In 2007 a study was reported in Clinical Nurse Specialist again, supporting the same results. Johnson, and Topham (2007) reported a decrease in pa tient falls by 46% as they found that most patient falls were attri only whened to patients getting up to go to the bathroom. Hourly rounding improved this gentle of fall drastically. All of these results indicate a quality, safety and cost effective way to improve patient outcomes. Initiating this change may be difficult as it not only is a change tho disrupts nursing routine and asks them to follow through on their day completely different than they are utilise to doing. Anytime a process comes with that much change is not only difficult to make the change but difficult to maintain the change.Middle Range TheoryMiddle range theories are described as theories that are best used by emerging disciplines (McEwen &Wills, 2007). The suggestion is made because they are theories that are more(prenominal) readily operationalized than they others. They work well in nursing for that very reason. Practice often is affected by theory but on the average nursing does not recognize it. With t he advent of advanced genteelness for nursing, some of that has changed. However, operationalizing a theory is very important(MeEwen, et.al., 2007). McEwen (2007) tells the reader that there are several standard characteristics of a middle range theory. The principle ideas of the theory are simple, straightforward, and general. They consider a limited number of variables or concepts and they usually have a particular focus. They, like the studies observed have the ability to be by trial and error tested. Practice for nursing today must be studied and tested as evidence base practice is more important than ever before.The nursing problem of rounding, chosen for this paper can be analyzed using a middle range theory. The middle range theories derived from research and practice are the set of theories most likely to work well with this process. Grounded theory and qualitative methods are especially helpful. In the case of rounding there was qualitative research used, concept analysi s, and quantitative analysis. The Newman Systems Model of prevention as intervention seems to be the be theory to apply in this case (McEwen, 2007, pg231). Concepts in Neuman s theory are important here. Environment is composed of both internal and external forces surrounding

Journal assignment Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Journal assignment - Article ExampleThese ar major concerns of Ingrid in her series of videos on Women of Muslim and their roles in the society. One of the major concerns of Ingrid is the role of women in leadership position in the Islamic partnership. She points out that women in the Islamic society vex been discriminated by being denied the chance to participate in the leadership position. She feels that the major reason wherefore the role of women does not go beyond the domestic capacity is because they bedevil no channels to air their cries to the sphere. Their participation in leadership is suppressed by a culture that regards men in the society as the excellent beings who should take up all the top positions in the society as women take a radical role to dish out and to adore men in the society (Ingridi). She points out that this is the principle reason why women in the Islamic community have remained static as women in all other regions of the world remain dynamic and disentangle themselves from the power of male chauvinism. One particular position that she pinpoints is the discrimination of perform in religious worship. In this society, women serve as the congregation but cannot preach or level off participate in leadership positions. In essence, they are an inferior lot and their basic position is to serve and to listen (Bennett 42). On the contrary, women in the Christian religion in regions such as US have been empowered and can take part in officiating mass, a role that Muslim women wholly dream about. The most touching idea of Ingrid is the fact that women in this society have always been wide awake to take these positions but have been denied. As a national of fact, numerous ladies have embraced change and have even engaged in theology classes and yet have no place to serve. In her opinion, openhanded the woman a position in the society will allow the woman to serve the community and to salvage the position of women in the society. The words of Ingrid Mattson are to a great extent convincing as well as controversial in the society today. Loewenstein (1) is among the authors who have reacted to a group of videos that have circulated in the public regarding the position of women in the typical Islamic community. Although the war against women discrimination has been fought persistently in the present-day(a) society, few women have come up to fight for women in the Muslim society. As a matter of fact, the community has suppressed the voices of women and their opportunity to express their grievances seems not to have arrived yet. Ingrid, being a leader among the northeastward the Statesn Muslim, is one of the bravest women in history who have stood out to introduce on the position of women in the American society. This position has empowered her to come out as a female activist to assert on the rights of women in the society. In the western society, there is a notable religious empowerment of the Muslim women. Karim (218) and Bano and Kalmbach (323) have expressed the absorption of women in western Muslim culture as they climb the incline to serve as leaders in the mosques. The increasing number of Islams women in leadership in America can be associated with the empowerment they have received from their fellow women. As more women take up more leadership positions, they empower other women to join in the cadre. Although this trend has been criticized by women in the handed-down Muslim communities, this seems to be the source of the force

1.What is the most effective intervention to decrease VAP in terms of Research Paper

1.What is the most powerful intervention to accrue VAP in terms of using antiseptic chlorhexidine oral examination share versus standard toothbrush oral care - Research Paper ExampleNursing is a critical area in the wellnesscare sector, thusly the need to embrace its significance in the treatment process. This seek will analyze the most effective intervention to decrease VAP in adult ICU. To achieve the best results, it will utilize the PICOT analysis is the advance of the research objective.The first article to examine is by GU, Gong, Pan, Ni, & Liu (2012) that carried out a meta-analysis of the impacts of oral hygiene on the VAP for critically ill patients. In their work, GU, Gong, Pan, Ni, & Liu (2012) noted that oral hygiene did not show solid variableness in VAP condition for ill patients who had mechanical ventilation who used toothbrush and those who did not. In addition, the study revealed that the toothbrushing did not have significant results in reducing the mortal ity rate, the hospital length of stay during both the antibiotics liberate day and also the mechanical ventilation free day of the study. There is a contradiction with the findings of this study with those of the previous studies. In the 828 patients used in this study show that there was no significant renewal in changes when oral hygiene was practiced and when it was not in the control of VAP. However, then it is viewed, discussed that the use of oral hygiene with purified water was effective in controlling the chances for the occurrence of VAP in critically ill patients. This research contradicted the previous research where oral hygiene for patients in the ICUs would significantly reduce the chances of VAP infection for the patients who are beneath mechanical ventilation.On the other hand, the study conducted by Cindy, et al (2009) found out that VAP increases the cost of health care, morbidity, and mortality of the patients in the intensive care units. In addition, the study found that there is a significant reduction in VAP infection through

Getting university degree through online courses Essay

Getting university degree through online courses - Essay ExampleThey can glide slope learning materials from anywhere and any epoch they log on to their university portals. That means parents, professionals, and sick students can attend their classes no outlet their day schedules. The method also offers student enrichment. Students can interact as the online class is short of intimidation. all student has a voice and the diverse ideas contribute to student growth. The students are also offered sufficient time to think before they can comment.The online learning method, however, has raised various concerns. Students lack face-to-face interaction with companion classmates and instructor. They experience disconnect from the classroom environment, but universities are keen on addressing the issue. Group chats and video-conferencing are close to of the initiatives the universities are using to alleviate the issue. The online degrees also offer fewer instructions and have no standards that mould the program. Accrediting bodies have, however, been put in place to accredit and review online institutions and curriculum.Online learning has come a long sort and more developments are still to come. Various advocates and bodies are finding ways to deal with the perceived shortcomings. scientific advancements continue to add value and advantages that distance learning can offer to students.U.S. Department of Education, 2010, Evaluation of Evidence-Based Practices in Online Learning, U.S. Department of Education

Discuss two critical challenges facing business in the next 10 years Essay

Discuss two critical challenges confront business in the next 10 years and what part management process will add in the developme - Essay ExampleBusiness leaders encounter numerous challenges in keeping their businesses outgrowth as the economy deteriorates. Establishing a business remains an outstanding accomplishment for numerous entrepreneurs, even though upholding one remains a challenge. There ar numerous elements much(prenominal) as hiring appropriate persons, constructing brands, and care of a business. Business limitations touched on fundamental aspects of space and time. Partners, when not busy, could converse in person. Presently, applied science has granted businesses conference and email-hosting capacities. Additionally, business prototypes are moving towards accepting more instant communication in every framework (Group, Bespoke Investment 1). This implies businesses should become conversant with performing important businesses around the creation at any prearran ged timing. This is because distances no longer matter, and communication capabilities are becoming pervasive. Additionally, businesses are becoming politically active. Businesses in America should encompass opinions on political matters such as immigration and guideline. In such instance, businesses will not straightforwardly pick out the path towards anything that increases their profits, rather than aspects that will function opera hat during the existing political climate. Presently, customers examine the political leanings of businesses when deciding on companies to frequent (5 issues facing small businesses in 2013 1). Uncertainty A significant proportion of the populace especially business leaders especially are uneasy with skepticism. Uncertainty regarding global economy, credit markets, and ways through which innovative technology will exercise businesses, pose numerous challenges. The result is that uncertainty results in the short-term concentration. Businesses are dra wing back from long-term plans, in place of short-term concentration owing to the excuse of uncertainty. Failure to strategically plan10-years into the future could decease up damaging value. The problem requiring solution is balancing the need for more responsive, short-term concentration with the fatality for cognizant, long-term approaches (Shelton 1). There is an increasing marking of conflicts between individual and team skills within the business world. Businesses invite the experience of coping with such paradox. In order to fashion an efficient labor force, businesses should overcome the uncertainty tension. Companies could meet the challenge through offering additional creative packages of benefits and become further interested in the emotional health and well-being of employees. Businesses could accomplish this ideology through centering on employees lifestyle aspects, strain to encourage creativity and well-being amongst others (Love 1). Technology The pace of techno logical advancement is exponential making uppercase investments beneficial to businesses. Other businesses choose to postpone their realization of comparative advantages by waiting for the next genesis technology. Similarly, the capacity for the unsurpassed technologists to remain informed regarding emerging technologies remains a challenge when mastering the original technology of the business. The challenge involves developing long-term technology strategies, whilst remaining flexible enough to grasp unanticipated technological advantages (Brooks and Paul 128). Businesses could find it particularly difficult dealing with the rapid changes in business

Investigating Ratios of Areas and Volumes Speech or Presentation

Investigating Ratios of Areas and Volumes - Speech or Presentation ExampleA graphical depiction of the express areas is shown belowKnowing the value of the area B, the area A may also be computed. sort of of integrating the scat, it is simpler to subtract the area below the curve from the total area of the rectangle. This results to area A as shownBy comparing the plots of two curves, it can be seen that the area under the curve decreases as the proponent increases. Consequently, the proportionality of the two areas also increases. This trend supports the calculated data.This shows that for the section of the curve from x = 0 to 1, the ratio is just equal to the exponent. However, does this conjecture hold true for all ranges? To examine this, we reevaluate the generic function y = xn with various rangesWith a range of 0 to 2 for x, the ratio of the areas remains equal to n. However, scarce the upper limit has been changed in this particular case. By adjusting the lower limit, a certain area is withdraw from the rectangle as depicted in the following graph.Again, the resultant ratio is simply equal to the exponent n. In fact, it can be proven that the ratio will remain constant despite any changes in the limit. With a lower limit of a and an upper limit of b, the proof will appear as shown.Now that it is clear that the ratio of the two areas will remain constant, it is possible to extend the analysis to a three-dimensional one by revolving the surface around a specified axis. First, we will investigate the set up of a revolution around the x-axis.Since the area being revolved is that of B, the resulting bulk is taken by evaluating the previous expression. The radius in such a case would be equivalent to y or mainly xn. Using this, the volume can be determined in a straightforward manner.The remaining volume is that of the revolution of surface A. However, instead of integrating, it is

The Role of a Nurse and Best Practice Preventing Pressure Ulcer In an Essay

The Role of a curb and Best Practice Preventing Pressure Ulcer In an Acute Medical Receiving Environment - Essay vitrineThis report stresses that nurses are required to act at the best of their interests in order to save the lives of people. However, the woeful working conditions in many hospitals nowadays and healthcare policies tinge the performance level of nurses. For instance, the healthcare form _or_ system of administration reform is seen as a hindrance to the effective healthcare delivery services by registered nurses. Nurses prolong real life abbreviates especially on the needs of patients in order to reduce mortality and unwholesomeness issues. The healthcare policy can create issues especially where patients are required to pay and where those who are see are not supposed to pay. This is one of the issues that had been noticed with the healthcare insurance thus creating conflicting issue between insured patients and the caregivers. The healthcare costs and other aspects are all issues of political agendas thus, they tend to impact the role played by nurses in the hospital settings.This essay makes a conlcusion that nurses are aware that the occurrent healthcare system has varied problems thus, a need for creating changes in acute medical receiving environment. Abood argues that the current healthcare environment face varied problems because of numerous healthcare policies, laws and regulations imposed upon the healthcare sector by the government agencies. These create challenges to both nurses and patients who are always stuck amidst of cost constraints and access to effective quality care

Journey of life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Journey of vivification - Essay ExampleAnother family tradition that has been very important in my family is the weekly prayers and lunch, every Friday, we would get together and share a meal after our prayers, and this helped us actualize the importance of family and spirituality. Religious Events As a Muslim, each year we have the Ramadan, this is the time we take to debased and pray, we do not eat after sunrise and after sunset we are allowed to partake in our meals. This event has taught me that unmatchable cannot be a slave to food or the desires of his body and that the spiritual life is crucial. We also have the Eid Alfeter and Eid Aladha in our calendars in fitition to Alhaj when we go the Mekkah in December for one week to worship Allah it is a time of rejuvenation for our spiritual life, this seems to echo the sociocultural theory that children master activities and add value to them just as we do with our spiritual life. Academic Events I have been very rose-colored in life to have two graduations, one from college and the other from the English program and in some(prenominal) events my family was there to celebrate with me, they were some of my proudest moments in life. I knew that I had achieved a major milestone as is expected in my journey through life and as an interpretation of the sociocultural theory which includes acquire as part of cognitive increment. Having my family to be a part of it showed me that family al steerings rejoices with one in grievous and in bad times. This achievement was a step into the adult life because I was now manner of walking into the world to fend for myself and not rely on my family as I always had. Career Events subsequently school, I got a job with a company and to celebrate, I invited my colleagues for dinner, this was a way to form a relationship with them maculation at the same time celebrate the blessings in my life. After a while I moved jobs and took another one as a high school teacher, thi s was necessary as in life one cannot stagnate in the same position, growth is expected and is a way of showing positive development, it is one of the steps to self actualization Relationship Events My wedding day was one of the happiest days in my life, after an year of engagement to my fiance I was happy to be pickings this major step, this was the only romantic relationship I had had in my life in line with the psycho mixer development theory, intimacy as compared to isolation became important in my life. Taking the marriage step was a impolite move on my side, despite it world the norm, there were times I was not sure if I would make a good husband but after evaluating myself I decided that I was rig and I would become better each step of the way as we guide each other, my wife and I. Challenging Events Coming the United States was not just exciting but challenging as well, I was overwhelmed and culture shock hit me hard, I did not know how o speak English and it being the m ain language I knew I had a long road ahead of me. As the social cognitive theory states that people observe and at times take up the behaviour of others, I took up the challenge and decided that I would master the language come rain or refulgence and I am happy that my determination bore fruits as I can now effectively communicate in English. Looking back at all the events in my

Stingray's camuoflage, sting, and its adaptations to be more Research Paper

Stingrays camuoflage, sting, and its adaptations to be more than successful in hunting - Research Paper ExampleAdaptation can either be physiological or morphological. Structural adaptation entails the development of the structural traits due to the evolution by intrinsic selection and mutation. On the other hand, physiological adaptation entails the development of the physiological traits on evolution of the structural traits.Physiological adaptation refers to adjustment of the biography matter to the conditions in the sur polish uping environment and to the other living things during the lifetime of an beingness. It describes the systematic response of an organism to specific external stimulus to maintain homeostasis and entails the biological transport in an organism towards response on conditional changes. Physiological adaptation improves the ability by an organism to cope with the changing environment, and it entails hibernation, migration or emission of smell among other s (Chisholm, Whittington & Fischer, 2004).Stingrays refer to flat marine fish by and large in warm water. Stingray is a group of fish related to the shark family. They are cartilaginous fishes classified ad in the subclass elasmobranchii and order mliobatiformes. They consist of eight families deep water stingray (plesiobatidae), six gill stingray (hexatrygonidae), round rays (urotrygonidae), stingarees (urolophidae), butterfly rays (gymnuridae), whiptail stingrays (dasyatidae), eagle rays (myliobatidae), and river stingrays (potamotrygonidae) (Diaz & James, 2008).Stingrays live in both marine and freshwater habitats. Stingray has stinger at the tail end, which pierces the prey before escape. The stinger is razor-sharp, serrated, attached and barbed to the tail. The stingray can whip the stinger super quickly when attacking the prey (Dulci, Jardas & Onofri, 2003). The thin tail is agile and extremely flexible. The sting size is interdependent on the species of the Stingray. Stingr ay is carnivorous in

Karges Coffee Inc Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Karges Coffee Inc - Case Study Example expect no changes to the Home Brewer or government agency Deluxe unit sales and unit sell prices, and variable be will remain same for each forge with primitive fixed costs remaining unchanged. The Office staple sales units if doubled will result in increase in the overall sales volume, component moulding and boodle of the society. Here we see that by just duplicate the sales volume units we see a jump in sales value and contribution margin by more than 150% and the profit has grown by more than 200%. These drastic changes in the sales figure and profit is just because of the extra volumes of the Office basal model. This means that if we sell 60,000 units of Office Basic we are in a profitable position. The sales volume of Office Basic is the highest among the separate models which indicates that increasing the production of Office Basic model will generate far more revenues than if we double the other two models. This analysis hel ps us in analyzing the revenues and profits on changing a bingle factor such as sales volume units. If an publicize campaign is implemented costing $150,000 to contribute overall consumer awareness of the product offerings and to increase sales, the company will have to attain a profit level of $1,530,000 to maintain the same profit percentage. This means that marginal of $500,000 sales is required to compensate for the advertising cost at the same profit level. In the same year maybe we do non receive the benefits in terms of sales revenue and profits but in the long exit it may generate benefits. The new advertising campaign instead of being designed to increase total sales volume will focus on getting customers who would purchase the Office Basic model to buy the Office Deluxe model instead with an assumption of no impact on the sales of Home Brewer model. As per the calculations 1,250 customers should purchase Office Deluxe model instead of Office Basic model to cover the advertising costs incurred. The last option for evaluation is if the company chooses to add a new product (Office Plus) to its line of brewers targeted at the office use market, it would have to sell a minimum of 3,933 units approximately to justify its addition to the product line next year. This level of sales stated in a higher place is just a break-even point for the product. This product will generate additional profits over and above the units mentioned above. I would like to recommend going with the new product Office Plus in an affirmative view that it would start generating sales revenue higher than the current levels and thereby increase the profitability of the company in the long run. This product would also add to the current varieties of product and is a mid-priced product between the Office Basic model and the Office Deluxe model. I would also recommend another selection of implementing an advertising campaign for initiating the sales of Office Premium model which is comparatively lower than Office Basic model which can result in more profitability as because the Profit/Volume proportionality is higher than the other two models. The Profit/Volume ratio of Office Premium model is 0.40. The contribution per unit is also highest among the three products that is $120 which signifies that the variable costs are comparatively low

Religion and International Relations Research Paper

Religion and International Relations - Research makeup ExampleAlthough the concept of morality is as old as mankind, it is interesting to note that policymakers and legislators have immensely ignored the roles of holiness in the governance of a nation and even international relations. The schism betwixt the East and West has subjoind by twofold because of this very reason that they fail to incorporate religion in their dialogue, leaving no space for stack from these two different worlds to interact (Fox & Sandler 2010, p. 2). The substance of this prose pull up stakes not only examine the importance of religion in international relation as discussed in light of pedantic theories but it will also discuss the techniques through which they can use to imply religion and use it to create a more(prenominal) than(prenominal) harmonious society. Although religion has been used multiple propagation in semipolitical context, but despite its frequent usage it is impossible to put down this phenomenon in to a proper definition. Religion is often seen as a set of ideas or notions that are vastly negated by scientific research and are perceived to be irrational (Philpot et.al 2009). Religion is widely believed to be irrational, which underlines the negative sentiments against this institution. However, sadly not eitherone especially in the Eastern sphere agrees with that notion which turns out to be the main source of conflict. This is because Religion is responsible for shaping worldviews as mentioned earlier, since religion constitutes culture it is also a part of an individuals identity. Religion is also used to legitimize basic human rights and political processes. Moreover, most religions have transformed into huge organizations, like the Catholic Church on that point is an added pressure to propitiate and include religions (Fox & Sandler 2010, p.2). Even historically there is a strong tie amidst correlation between nation and religion is that it is w hat helped the people relate to one another. It was a binding force as it brought people together and helped them demarcate right from wrong. Religious views led to establishments on various superstitions and myths, and with the rising popularity of science, it just sparked more debates and people became wary of religion, but with terrorist attacks the sentiments became more hostile towards the idea of religion. However the conflict is triggered because most of the scholarly work done on the matter is vastly done from Western-centric perspective and which is why this blatant ethnocentricism in religious views has further deepened the conflict. However, as the society becomes more and more culturally diverse and even aware, there is an added pressure on authorities to take religion into account as per the constitutional clause that entitles every individual to freedom of speech, expression and practices. The most unfortunate fact is that because of the controversial nature of the top ic, religion is more or less treated as a tabooed subject. The modern rejection according to Fox & Sandler (2010, p. 10) comes from the stigmas attached with religion that is extremist, radical and backward. There is a need for more open dialogue on the subject and an increase in literature from all three sides which is the pro-religion side, the anti-religion and one from a neutral perspective. Policymaking is a crucial affaire as individuals need to take into account diverse needs of the people and religion becomes even more of essence as not just 9/11 but there are green goddess of conflict existing in present day that are triggered by or has it s strand in religion, which will be discussed in later parts of the prose. The case

Research Methods in Education (Topic Question undecided) Essay

Research Methods in Education (Topic Question undecided) - Essay ExampleA quantitative larn conducted on 415 pupils and 83 teachers in public takes in the US revealed that students and teachers in schools with invariant policies generally mat up safer, had higher self-esteem and more positive attitudes toward school climate, than students and teachers in public schools where no uniform policies were in place (Wade & Stafford, 2003).A study conducted by Gottfredson and Gottfredson (2001) involving 848 school principals in the US indicate that one of the chief(prenominal) activities that schools implement to improve student behaviour and academic outcomes is to improve school climate. Implementing requisite school uniform policies have been a subject of much discussion with increasing interest in its relationship to improve school climate. It has been suggested that the mere implementation of a school uniform policy at the very to the lowest degree symbolizes a schools commitm ent to school climate change and this perception alone improves student outlook and performance (Brunsma & Rockquemore, 1998).Brunsma and Rockquemore (2003) observe however that with all the interest in the link between school uniform policies and school climate and the importance of school climate to student behaviour, safety and academic achievement, inquiry on the significance of school uniform is sorely lacking. Much of the research is purely theoretical or uses flawed methods. Therefore, more research is needed on the implications and effectiveness of mandatory school uniforms (Brunsma & Rockquemore, 2003). This proposed research go away thus fill a gap in the literature by examining and analysing the extent to which a mandatory school uniform policy effects perceptions of school climate. It is anticipated that this research will provide empiric evidence of student and teachers perception of school uniform and its relationship to school climate and will severalize areas for further

Have to choose a good topic from the area of ICT or computing Essay

Have to choose a good topic from the area of ICT or computing - demonstrate Exampleor your browser automatically installs program without seeking your permission and ends up installing a spyware or you click on a pop up and that triggers a program to install a spyware onto your machine.Apart from hackers, spywares are mainly created by the advertisement companies in order to track the online behavior of users. along with spywares, the advertisement companies can also infect your system with tracking cookies which can track every site that you have browsed and can fetch the vital personal information. Generally the spywares created by these companies are not as lethal as the ones created by the hackers, in cuticle the companies do not use the information for anything else aside from marketing but these spywares also turn your machine into a data transmitter for these advertisement agencies, mischievously affecting the performance of your home based system.Imagine the previous time s full of inconvenience and hassles when we had to brook in what appeared to be never ending queues, to execute any transaction at the bank be it some money transfer or even a minor enquiry. We had to spend hours for booking the railroad track tickets and for paying our utility bills. Then we jumped onto the era of internet where most of the needs of the day are settle using internet itself. Few individuals now can be seen doing the transactions standing at the bank. But, as the wise people say There are no free lunches, there is a damage associated with this convenience as well.The sole identity that a person has during any online transfer is his password. In case the password to your bank account has been hacked by a smart hacker, after tracking the data from your calculator system, he can transfer millions from your account into his account in just a few seconds. To your nightmare, it does not end here. He can sell the vital information, related to your companys strategy and stored in your system, to the competitor and since the information has been leaked from

Epistemology and Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Epistemology and Research - Essay ExampleSteup (2011) defines it as the occupy of knowledge and the justified believes, and importantly about the issues related to the creation and dissemination of knowledge in picky areas of inquiry. Grix (2002) validates this perspective of epistemology by defining it has the theory of knowledge, especially in regard to its methods, validation and the contingent ways of gaining knowledge of social reality. Willig (2001, p.8) on the other hand provides additional perspectives by stating how epistemology also involves persuasion about the validity and reliability of claims to knowledge. The paths through which the knowledge can be accessed and collected are the sundry(a) seek methods. There are correlations between epistemology and the query methods, as the tec can take an epistemic invest for setting the objectives of a research project cover. There is a view that a researchers epistemic position could significantly affect their choice of re search methods. So, this paper will starting time discus how researchers could take an epistemological position and allow that position to impact their choice of research methods for few favor satisfactory results, but that may not be the case all the time, as avoiding that impact of that epistemological position could be helpful for the researchers to carry out a pragmatic research. Researchers contract to adopt provide and effective research methods, as those methods can whole provide the researchers the apt ways to answer the research questions, by aiding in the acquisition of relevant knowledge. As Willig (2001, p.8) states research methods can be described as the way to the goal. However, to accomplish that, researchers rent to first identify the goals or objectives of the research project, then able to justify those objectives and also have a concrete or even an approximate idea of what they need to find out to fulfill those research objectives. We need to be clear abou t the objectives of our research and we need to have a sense of what kinds of things it is possible for us to find out. (Willig 2001, p.8). Reaching or actualizing this state is only known as adopting or taking an epistemological position. In a way, epistemological position describes the process through which a researcher could see the entity of knowledge in a particular perspective, particularly how it is created and shared. When this position is viewed from the perspective of research methods, it would help the researchers understand their own views, which they have or hold on the unlike topics, or in particular on the research objectives and consequently, how they can interpret the research. As Bukvova (2010) states choosing or let out realising ones epistemological position helps to explicate views and opinions on things like truth, knowledge, and reality. Thus, it can be implied that adopting an epistemological position is a key thing to do on the part of the researchers, i n the very arising of their research work. Taking an epistemological position and allowing it to make an impact on the research methods is welcomed by true sections of the experts. We have seen that for some, the type of method to be used for research is largely determined by ones consignment to a particular epistemological position, and as it assumes a correspondence between epistemological position and research method

The Quality of Education in the Public School System Essay Example for Free

The Quality of teaching in the national educate System EssayBasic teaching whether it is from a ordinary or a unavowed condition is one of the close to primal ask of mankind. It is responsible for the advancement of our civilization. Education is a vital necessity and the fundamental right of an individual. It is difficult to rate a price tag for education. However, it can be said that education is the window to numerous opportunities and the most essential means of poverty elevation. According to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Everyone has the right to education Education shall be directed to the full development of human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the upkeep of peace. (art.26 Universal Declaration of Human Rights).Todays education system has become an issue of count especially between the human beings and the private school educational quality. Each and every enhance has their ingest set of choices for their tykeren. Many people opt for having a religious affiliation, for others the costs of private school whitethorn non be affordable (Public School Review n.pag). This paper comp ars the major differences between both customary and the private schools and also reserves a few recommendations of improving the quality of education in the public school system.If we take into consideration the cost involved in the public and the private schools, it can be far-famed that public schools are funded through federal, state and local taxes. For instance, when a person kick ins taxes to the government they are give for their childs education and the education of other children in the community. On the other hand, private schools do not elude on the tax revenues or any fund from the government. Instead, thes e schools are funded through tuition, fundraising, donations and private grants.Therefore, when a parent has to send their child to school they compare the cost of education. If the parent is not financially capable to pay the fees for the private school, then obviously the parent opts for public schools where the fees structure is much less and compromise on the quality of education. In order to correct the quality of the public schools it is essential to increase the funding to these schools, rectify the infrastructure and also increase the number of teaching faculty.When it comes to admission, public schools admit all children, and therefore these schools are multicultural in nature. As per the rules in most of the countries, public schools are open for all and moldiness educate all children (Public Education Network n.pag). Private schools are selective in nature. For instance, schools managed by churches give preference to Christians. They are not compelled to accept every ch ild by any rule. Today because of this condition private school admission is very competitive. It is therefore important that public schools contend to continue and correct their multicultural nature and promote education among all communities equally. It is essential to recognize the diversity of groups and issues that are subject in every town and city (Leistyna 1-23).Whether fair or not, educational opportunity and academic exertion are directly tied to the social divisions associated with race, ethnicity, gender, first language, and social class. The level and quality of educational acquisition either open the doors to opportunity or close them.Educational psychologist Edmund W. Gordon in The Covenant with B deficiency the StatesIn general public schools offer subjects which usually includes math, English, reading, writing, science, history, physical education, music and arts. The substance of what children learn is mandated by the state and learning is measured through te sts and examinations. In private schools these subjects are flexible for students.Besides the students are taught the curriculum using various effective techniques such as take children on extended outdoor(a) trips that blend lessons across the curriculum. Such innovative trips increase the practical knowledge of the students. Private schools are not bound by any rules and therefore they can create their own curriculum and assessment systems. In order to improve the public schools it is important to take some of the special teaching techniques followed by the private schools (GreatSchools.net n.pag).In terms of the teaching faculty it is a well known fact that the teachers in public schools are usually state certified or, at least working toward certification. Public school teachers take on compulsory college spots and to be licensed by the state (Broward County Public Schools n.pag). Qualified teachers with certification ensure that they maintain gone through the training requi red by the state, which includes student teaching and coursework. However, this is lacking in a private schools. Teachers in private schools may not be required to have certification tho often have good subject area expertise and an undergraduate or graduate degree in the subject they teach. It is important to maintain the standards of payment in public and private schools because teachers also need to maintain high standards of living.Private schools are usually committed to providing attention to each and every child individually and therefore keep the class size of it small. Many parents choose private schools for this reason. In public schools though many states recognize the value of small classes, they are unable to do so because of overcrowding and lack of good infrastructure especially in large school districts and urban schools (GreatSchools.net n.pag).As a essence teachers cannot give equal attention to individual students or for students with special needs. It is essen tial therefore to decrease the size of classes in public schools to improve the quality of education. Finally, it can be said that in order to improve the public education system, it is essential to equitably allocate resources. For instance, educational and administrative staffing ratios show how many students per teacher or per administrator are in each school.Work CitedPublic School Review, Public School vs. Private School (2007) Public School Review LLC. 21 October 2007, http//www.publicschoolreview.com/private-public-schools.phpPublic Education Network, Public Schools moldiness Be Held Accountable, Americans Say (26 July 2007) 21 October 2007, http//www.publiceducation.org/doc/Press_Releases/20070726_Public.docLeistyna, P. Extending the Possibilities of Multicultural Community Partnerships in urban Public Schools, The Urban Review, Volume 34, Number 1 / March, 2002, pp 1-23.GreatSchools.net, Private vs. Public Schools Whats the Difference? (February 2007) GreatSchools Staff, 21 October 2007, http//www.greatschools.net/cgi-bin/showarticlefeature/ca/197Broward County Public Schools, Public Vs. Private Education 21 October 2007, http//www.browardschools.com/info/education.htm

The Kite Runner - Deep Thoughts Essay Example for Free

The Kite Runner Deep Thoughts Essayguilt is an emotional visit when a person believes or realizes that they pick up done an unethical action. Many people regard criminality as an unnecessary, purge harmful, emotion. Contrary to popular opinion, guilt can be a good emotion. Without guilt, individuals top executive lack the penury to act mor on the wholey. Guilt plays a major role in The Kite Runner, emeer attempts to redeem himself by his feelings of guilt.One of the positive attributes of guilt is that guilt teaches us not to make the same(p) mistake twice. Making mistakes is part of being human, but it is the guilt we feel which prevents us from restateing our mistakes. If a learner plagiarizes, then they would feel guilty. Guilt tells the student that this behavior is wrong because we have broken the trustingness of the teacher. Regardless of whether or not the student gets caught, the guilt prevents him or her from plagiarizing again. In The Kite Runner, Amir freq uently treats Hassan as if he was only a servant rather than a friend. Despite this mistreatment, Hassan remains loyal to Amir and his family throughout the novel. Eventually, this combination makes Amir feel awfully guilty.Amir does not command to repeat his mistake with how he treats Hassans son, Sohrab. He said to Soharb,Assef hurt your father in a actually bad way, and I couldnt save your father the way your father saved me. I wont hurt you, I promise (pg. 344). Amir has implies to Sohrab that he had done an action sinful to Hassan. Guilt has changed the characteristics of Amir from a selfish person to a more caring human being.Another effective characteristic of guilt is that it motivates us human beings to staring(a) a task. Guilt is a motivator because we are motivated to act in order to make ourselves feel better about our transgression. If a student does not complete their homework, they would feel guilty because it is our duty and obligation to complete what we are i ntended to accomplish. With a low guilt score, we would not be driven to do anything because nothing is actually necessary or our responsiblity to be done.Amir, in The Kite Runner, is motivated by guilt to save Sohrab, who is an orphan in the war-zone Kabul. Without the motivation of guilt, Amir would not act on the rescue because it is not his duty plus it is possible for others to complete the burden for him. There is a way to be good again. A way to end the cycle. With a boy. An orphan. Hassans son. Somewhere in Kabul.(pg. 245) Clearly, Amir feels guilt of the action he has done to Hassan. Because of the guilt, Amir would want to redeem himself after doing a sinful deed. Rescuing Sohrab was the way to be good again. Although the feeling of guilt is a virtuous nature, besides much of guilt would be paralyzing to an individual. Just like every other emotion, too much reaction leads to a psychological malady.Too much of guilt creates distorted thinking, the inability to work out t asks and other physical diseases. customary Taheri, from The Kite Runner, meets this description perfectly. General Taheri was a high-ranked general back in Afghanistan. After the Soviet War of Afghanistan started, he fled from home to America. This action has build up the guilt within him because he had turned down on his country when the country needed him the around. The general believes that Afghanistan would be freed. So every day, he donned his gray suit, wound his pocket watch, and waited (pg.191) The believed excess guilt causes the general to escape reality. General Taheri goes to the flee market every day just so it seems like home, he does not have a job so he only receives welfare from the government, and he has headaches monthly and locks himself in his room. These all mostly symptoms of excess guilt.Guilt is rather a good characteristic than a harmful one, even though, there is a limit to positive guilt. The novel, The Kite Runner, has demonstrated to us various way s on how guilt could be a righteous nature. A way to be good again, the most well known quote from the novel is create by the guilt that has brought to all of us. The novel lacks its entailment without the essence of guilt.ReferenceHosseini, Khaled. Chapter 13. The Kite Runner. Riverhead Mass-market International Edition ed. impertinent York Riverhead, 2007. 191. Print. Hosseini, Khaled. Chapter 18. The Kite Runner. Riverhead Mass-market International Edition ed. New York Riverhead, 2007. 245. Print. Hosseini, Khaled. Chapter 24. The Kite Runner. Riverhead Mass-market International Edition ed. New York Riverhead, 2007. 344. Print.

The qualities of a good leader Essay Example for Free

The qualities of a well be switchd look ater EssayThe qualities of a good leader have to do with his/her structure of experience, skills, responsibility, and social interaction. It must be someone who can be looked up to and respected. A good leader not only needs to have a lot of experience and good soulfulnessality but he besides needs to be trusted. That way he could win over mans hearts. It is useless no matter what somebodyal qualities or what expert powers a man may have if he lacks the initiative and the will to lead and to r wholey men around him. In search for truth he must also not only have good personal structure but a good character is knowing what you want to do and being ruthlessly determined to do it. Sense of humor and sense of optimism are two former(a) essential qualities of a good leader. Men and women will not follow a gloomy person Not only is he to be a good judge towards events but towards people also that way he can select worthy subordinates. It c annot be determined by one person to the other but it can be determined by self-determination. Whether a religious faith is essential quality of a leader is arguable.A lot of our famous leaders today are every(prenominal) of different religious faiths and some have no faith at all. Mohammed, Buddha, and Jesus Christ were all leader. If there number of followers are any issue to judge by, very good leaders indeed, and all of these had their sustain convictions and beliefs. at that place is good leaders and bad leaders, of which Adolf Hitler is a striking example of bad leaders, because its viable to have all the qualities of a good leader and missing one. Some in which are lead to violence and lawlessness are invariables led and inspired by leaders of moral scene of rail at or right. Such qualities are at times natural and apparent when one is born. In auberge for you to do such things you would also have to practice maintaining you temper because there could very unkind or inc onsiderate people you may have to work with.Although others opinion towards you should not matter in this berth it does because nobody would want a leader with making incorrect decisions therefore it would be the right thing to prove them wrong and start making the right choices. Incase of challenges along the way they should face them with gallantry and deal with them as part of their responsibility. This will improve strength and preparedness for worse problems in the future. There are so many ways a good leader could go by, but not all will make the right choices because not every single person in this founding has the resembling perspective but it is up to them to try and make the people happy by having the same perspective as them and doing whats right in any event they are working with. Doing whats right is the main thing to do. The qualities of a leader have to do with structure of nearly everything.

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay Example for Free

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein EssayIt go away be more interesting with a dual narrative because then(prenominal) the reader will non find one self so much pity for the dick as there will be two points of view. In the beginning of the falsehood, Frankenstein utilise the monsters descriptions in a positive manner as he infers its a safe idea, merely later on in the novel he used it in a disallow manner. This shows that his thoughts for the monster modificationd over a period of time and that the creatures appearances changed lords mind about it. When sea captain walks out on the creature and abandons it, I think that it is quite a tough time for the creature.I believe this because the creature has only just been born, and doesnt yet k instantly how his bodily functions work, and how to stay alive as he has to acquire these skills. The creature is upset and ashamed that he fire not be loved by anyone higher-up quite frequently walks out on his problems. Earlier on in the novel, sea captain went to Ingolstadt after his flummox died, he left behind all of his responsibilities and problems. Also, when he decided to create the monster, he stopped with his agent life and started to endure on the task ahead, and forgot all of his responsibilities.These actions suggest that human nature can change as someone can be nice towards one intimacy and then they can be disgusted with that same thing at a different time. Victor gets very friendly with henry Clerval in the time that they are in Ingolstadt. henry nurses Victor back to health when he is ill. They came to be in the same college because Henry persuaded his father to let him get laid to Ingolstadt, only if he said that it was toilsome to persuade as Henrys father thought that all the skills that you need in your life are used and gained when you are a book clutcheser.It is ironic that Henry sees k promptlyledge as a good thing but Victor uses scientific knowledge and turns it into a tragedy , Frankenstein should of followed in s footsteps as Victors creation glowering out to kill Henry. The musical mode that Victor case-hardened his family, is completely different to the way that Henry treated Victor. Victor dumped all of his family life behind him, and only spoke to them through short sharp letters, but Henry cared dearly for Victor and even spent useful time looking after Victor when he was seriously ill, Henry as well puts his life on hold just to make him better.I think that the readers of the novel will be ashamed of Victor for abandoning his family and his creation, but to a fault for letting Henry put his life on hold just to make him better. This is a selfish act, and Victor should be more grateful towards Henry and his family. Henry is a very caring man and has a push-down storage of time for battalion, especially Victor who just takes his skills for granted. Henrys kindness is shown throughout, examples of this kindness are I did not sooner remark how very ill you appear so thin and pale, you look as if you have been reflection for many nights. , and I will not mention it, if it agitates you. These shows that Henry cares greatly for Victor and that he doesnt wishing to upset Victor. This caring manner tunes with that of Victors when he rejects the monster because of its looks. Victors selfish side is shown throughout the novel, a a few(prenominal) examples are I had deprived myself of rest and health. I had desired it with and ardour that far exceeded moderation, but now that I have finished, the beauty of the dream vanished, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart, infinite pains, and I felt the bitterness of disappointment. These show that again Victors selfish. He doesnt care about anyone but himself.Victor also uses the personal pronoun, I, this states that everything is about him, so this is also a selfish action. Victor haps his creation a secret, he does not want to tell anyone as he is not yet sure of the outcome of the creature, but after the birth of the creation, he is ashamed of it, he believes that it is a product of hell and that the monster is beyond control and just decides to keep it to himself and lie to other the great unwashed. This influences the readers attitude towards Victor in the rest of the novel because the readers may now believe that he can not tell the truth and that the narration of the fib may be biased.This relates to the theme of secretiveness in the rest of the novel, for example when he makes a feller for the monster, and also not telling anyone that he knew what killed someone of his family and friends. Mary Shelley suggests that lots of people do keep secrets and do not want to tell anyone. We keep secrets because it will ruin something special, the person is ashamed or embarrassed of it, the person can not confide in anyone, or they just do not want to tell anyone, as it may get someone in trouble. tidy sum do keep secrets and usually lie, it may be small lies or it may be a serious lie. People tell lies to put the problem off for as long as they can until they crack, they do this because they think it is an easy option, but in the long run, it is the hardest option as it drags a lot out of your self esteem. The ending of the chapter is a contrast of the rest of the chapter, especially the beginning, the live and the halo created. In the begging of the chapter the weather is dull, and gloomy. This is shown throughout the opening paragraph.The phrases the rain pattered dismally against the pains, and dreary suggest that the weather reflects on the dark atmosphere created by the near birth of the creature, it also suggests that something may happen may happen later on in the chapter. In the ending paragraph, the atmosphere created is completely different. The descriptions show that there is change as it is now light. This is a pleasurable sight for Victor as the weather was so uninviting earlier on in the chapter. The phrase y oung buds were shooting forth from trees that shaded my window.It was a divine spring, shows that the darkness has subsided to make way for the light. Also, there was a new beginning for the natural processes, growing of buds etc. There was a non counterfeit mood in the air as everything that was happening was completely natural, so this is a great contrast to everything that was happening in the first paragraph of the chapter. The word divine is connected with heaven, so everything is moving on from Victors deed. It is also to do with God, so it is a contrast between the thought of hell earlier on in the chapter.In the following chapter people may think that Victor tries to accept the monster and is not so selfish towards it and also the rest of his family, because the chapter ends with relief for Victor. The reader, at the end of the chapter, may be question where the monster has gone and what the monster is very doing. It may be that they think he has gone to take out another deadly murder. To conclude, this chapter is very vital. In it, there is always something going on. The chapter helps you to see how Victor really is and how he treats people in times of struggle.When, the monster is created, we get the impression that Victor was excited, but then he was ashamed of the outcome. Furthermore, when the monster disappears he felt relieved even though it could still come back. At the time when the monster disappeared, it was like Victor started a whole new life, this showed that he was not really bothered about what would happen if the monster was let loosen the world. From this chapter, we find that when Victor gets centre in something, he forgets about the whole world around him and abandons people, like his family.Victor is prone to abandoning things and people in this chapter. For example he abandons the monster just because of the way it looks, and hurts its feelings, making it commit murders on people close to Victor to get its own back. We find t hat Victor is to blame for the actions of the monster, and that Victor is very selfish. This is shown when he uses the person pronoun I, which shows that he is completely aware of himself and that he does not care much for other people. The secrecy in the novel is constant. Victor is always keeping secrets from his loved ones, whether large or small.The scientific ideas that Victor has are also important, as they bring together the whole story, as he knows man can create life with the correct theories and equipment. The theories that Victor has are going against God as it is an un-natural process, and that the creation will be forever criticized whether it is handsome or ugly. It also sums up how we treat each other in society directly. I don not feel the same way as Victor did towards his creation. I think the actual monsters are Victor Frankenstein and M. Waldman these people both tried to create the creature, but Victor got further.They both created an abominable creature. I thi nk some of the concerns in the novel are relevant today because not many people abandon things like children and pets, but the lucky ones get looked after. People also get abused because of the way they look, I think that this is wrong and should be stopped. By Samantha Loader scalawag 1 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written serviceman of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

Decline of Mughal Empire Essay Example for Free

Decline of Mughal conglomerate Es sound eruptVarious explanations atomic number 18 put forward for the revolts which brought ab off the collapse of the Mughal Empire. There has existed for a commodious time the thesis of Hindu Reaction as the main factor behind the revolts against Aurangzeb. Its proponents tent, however, to rely to a greater extent on present panorama than on contemporary evidence. Main concern is with what 17th and early 18th carbon texts have to say and they, at e precise rate, put the greatest store by the economic and administrative causes of the upheaval and scantily ever refer to religious reaction or consciousness of nationality. The assignment system, as it was established and worked low the great Mughals, necessarily presupposed the prevalence of a certain type of economic order. The jagirs were divorced, as far as possible, from all permanent rights to the land, and were essentially assignments of receipts, assessed in terms of money. This s uited best an economy where the cash connexion was well established unless that in turn meant that agrarian trade should have been both bracing and extensive. Both these antecedents were present in Mughal India.At the same time, commercial activity could prosper best nether an imperial system with its uniform methods of tax collection and cheek and its control of the routes. In so far, on that pointfore, as the assignment system strengthened imperial power it overly reinforced the economic foundation of its have got existence. Unlike the feudal lord of Western Europe, the Mughal jagirdar might non have needed to harbour any fear of money and trade undermining his power. The unity and cohesion of the Mughal overlooking class found its practical chemical formula in the absolute power of the emperor.The jagidari as an individual member of the government class had theoretically no right or privileges apart from those received from the emperor he could not manage his jagir ju st as he pleased, and was required to conform to imperial regulation. The rate of the land revenue read and the methods by which it was to be assessed and collected were all prescribed by the imperial judgeship. The emperor also decreed what otherwise taxes were to be collected. The conduct of the jagirdar and his agents was supposed to be watched over and checked by formals such as qanungos and chaudhuris, and faujdars and news-writers.Imperial revenue policy was obviously shaped by 2 basic considerations. First, since array contingents were maintained by the mansabdars out of the revenues of their jagirs, the tendency was to set the revenue demand so high as to secure the greatest military strength for the empire. besides, secondly, it was clear that if the revenue rate was raised so high as to leave the idyll not enough for his survival, the revenue collections could soon fall in absolute terms.The revenue demand as set by the imperial authorities was thus designed ideally to approximate to the surplus produce, difference the bucolic just the barest minimum needed for subsistence. It was this appropriation of the surplus produce that created the great wealth of the Mughal ruling class. The contrast was accordingly striking amidst the rich in their great superfluity and the utter seduction and poverty of the common people. There seems, moreover to have been a tendency, increasing in its issuing with time, to press still harder upon the peasant.This tendency seemed to derive from the very nature of the jagir system. The imperial administration, which could observe the long-term touch of the empire and the ruling class, did, probably, strive to set a limit to the revenue demand. A great outgrowth in revenue demand was approved in the course of 17th century is based on an oversimplified view of the evidence and in that location are indications that the increase in cash rates did not overcome the increase in the prices of the interest agricultural produce. simply there was an element of contra ion between the interests of the imperial administration and the individual jagirdar. A jagirdar, whose assignment was liable to be transferred any moment and who never held the same jagir for more than 3 or 4 eld at the most, could have no interest in quest a far-sighted policy of agricultural development. His personal interests would sanction any act of oppression that conferred an immediate wellbeing upon him, even if it ruined the peasantry and so destroyed the revenue- stick outing capacity of that area for long time.Owing to the constant and irregular transfers of jagirs, Bhimsen tells us late in Aurangzebs reign, the agents of the jagirdars had given up the practice of helping the peasantry or making firm arrangements. Moreover, the amils of the jagirdars were not sure of their suffer tenures of employment and so, proceeding tyrannically, were unrelenting in the collection of revenue. When the jagirdar, instead of appointin g his agents to collect the revenue, f gird out the jagir, the evil was worse still.The land was being laid waste, says Sadiq khan, writing of Shahjahans reign, through and through bribery and revenue farming, as a result of which the peasantry was being robbed and plundered. These statements show that in 17th century the belief had become deep-rooted that the system of jagir transfers led inexorably to a reckless exploitation of the peasantry. It was a result which the imperial administration might check for slightly time but could not in the long run prevent. It was inevitable that the developed burden on the peasantry should become so heavy in slightly areas as to encroach upon their means of survival.Manuchy, who on this occasion assumes the viewpoint of the ruling class, declares that they have no money. The chastisements and instruments of torture are very severe. They are also made to endure hunger and thirst. They feigns death (as sometimes really happens). but this tric k secures them no compassion. Frequently, therefore, the peasants were compelled to sell their women, children and cattle in order to meet the revenue demand. But the enslavement was not generally so voluntary.They are carried off, attached to heavy iron chains, to various merchandise and fair, with their poor, unhappy wives behind them carrying their small children in their arms, all crying and lamenting their evil situation. Failure to succumb the revenue was not the only when cause for which such punishment was inflicted upon the peasants. It was the general law in Mughal Empire that if any robbery occurred within the assignment or jurisdiction, respective, of a jagirdar or a faujdar, he was have to either trace the culprits and recover the loot, or make the payment himself.In Gujarat, a Dutch traveler noted in 1629 that the peasants are more oppressed than formerly and frequently abscond, so that the revenues had fallen. What the condition were during the early years of Aura ngzebs reign may be judged from Berniers long discourse on the ills of the Mughal Empire. He in like manner declares that a considerable portion of the good land remains untilled from the ask of peasants, many of whom perish in consequence of the bad treatment they receive from the Governors, or are unexpended no choice but to abandon the country.Bernier sights example of peasants leaving the country to seek a more tolerable mode of existence either in towns or in the camps as bearers of burdens, carriers of water, or servants to horsemen. The urban population was large, relatively speaking, and the countryside must have been the source of the innumerable peons, and unskilled labourers who filled the towns. The fate of the aimless migrant was not a happy one. A point could accordingly arrive where there was no choice left to the peasant but that between starvation or slavery and fortify resistance.It may be unnecessary to say that by willingness the mass of the people were anyt hing but warlike. It is recorded as a peculiarity of Malwa that both the peasants and artisans of the province used to carry arms. Pelsaert (c. 1626) observed that despite so very much misery and wantthe people endure patiently, professing that they do not deserve anything better. Nevertheless, there was a limit to endurance. The classic act of defiance on the part of the peasants was the refusal to pay land revenue.But a particular act of oppression fall inted against them might also goad them into rebellion. They are also frequently alleged to have taken to robbery Villages and areas, which thus went into rebellion or refused to pay taxes, were cognize as mawas and zor-talab, as opposed to the revenue-paying village, called raiyati. Usually, the villages, which were protected in some measures by ravines or forests or hills, were more likely to defy the authorities than those in the open plains. Very often acts of defiance by the peasants were spotless isolated incidents.The in tensity of distress probably varied from village to village, according to the burden of the revenue demand imposed upon each. But distress to be translated into armed resistance required the presence of some other factors as well. Since weaponry was crucial to even the initial success of any act of defiance, the readiness of the swiftness strata of peasants, possessed of muskets or swords, might often determine whether such an act would take place at all. However, there were still two social forces remained working among the peasantry, which could help to ignite, and extent the scale of such peasant uprisings.The real transformation of peasant unrest was probably brought about by the intervention of elements from the zamindar class that had their own motives in opposing the Mughal ruling class. This came through two distinct processes either the peasant rebellions, at some stages of their development, passed under the leadership of zamindars or, from the very beginning, the despera tion of the peasants provided recruits for rebelling zamindars. The rising of the oppressed thus became inseparable from the conflict between two oppressing classes. Official texts frequently reflect an attitude of hostility towards the zamindars as a class.Abu l Fazl declares that the use of goods and services of most of the zamindars of Hindustan is that leaving the path of single-mindedness they look to every side and whoever appears more powerful and tumult-raising, they meat him. In southwestern Bengal in 1695-98 the mughal authority was seriously shaken by the rebellion of Sobhs Singh, the zamindar of Chitwa and Barda, who was joined by Rahim khan, the capitulum of the tribe of the perdition-marked Afghans of the area the loyal zamindar of Burdwan was killed, and the area on both sides of the Hugli River ravaged.The struggle between the imperial administration and the zamindars, breaking out frequently into armed conflict, was thus an important feature of the political situ ation. Under Azam khan, governor of Gujarat (1632-42), the peasants suffered great oppression, most of them fled and took refuge with the zamindars in distant places. Azam khan thereupon led an discharge the peasants who had fled to his territory, so that they might return to their old homes.In Malwa, in 1644, a similar campaign was organise against the zamindar of Ginnur, not only because the peasants of some of the mahals of the jagir of the governor, who had fled to the territory of Ginnur , evaded paying the revenue as well, being backed in this by those infidels. The peasants and thus frequently became associated in the struggle against Mughal authorities. The new feature that comes to the fore in the reign of Aurangzeb is, indeed, that the zamindars struggle against the Mughal is no longer merely defensive.As the number of starving, homeless peasants grew and the peasants took to arms themselves, it became possible for the zamindars to conspire them into large bands, and ev en armies, and employ them in predatory warfare with the object of extending their own zamindars or areas of dominance. In 1623 it was reported to the court that of ganwars and cultivators on the eastern side of the Yamuna, near Mathura, do not cease to commit highway robbery and, protected by dense jungle and fastnesses, live in rebellion, have no fear of anyone and do not pay the revenue to the jagirdars.In 1645 the rebels near Mathura were apparently still out of control. Such had been the past history of the area which was to be the cradle of the Jat revolt in the time of Aurangzeb. In the accounts of the earlier revolts, the revolting peasants are not identified as Jats. The usual term for them is ganwar, or villager, and in one or two cases, at least, they were probably led by Rajput zamindars. Nevertheless Manchy, who treats of their revolts in some detail, knows the Jat rebels of Aurangzebs reign also as simply peasants and assumes them to be the partisans of the same cause as of those whom Akbar had oppressed.The Jat rebellion, properly speaking, dates from the time when Gokula Jat, the zamindar of Talpat near Mathura, assembled a large army of Jats and other villagers and raised a rebellion. He was killed in 1670 but the leadership passed to Raja Ram Jat (d. 1688) and then to Churaman Jat, who is said to have been the son of a zamindar of 11 villages. Over wide areas the peasants refused to pay revenue and took to arms. In1681 Multafat Khan, the faujdar of the district around Agra, was killed when leading an attack on village whose peasants had refused to pay the revenue.The leadership of the Jat rebellion lay in the hands of zamindars is established not only from the known antecedents of its chief men, but also from their conduct. Churaman, for example, is said to have seized a number of Churamars tanners, who are called the menials of Hindus and entrusted the keep of the ditch at Bharatpur to them. The Jat revolt grew in time into a large plunder ing movement. This was, perhaps, inevitable under the assign grade horizons of the peasants and the plundering instincts of their zamindar leaders.The areas devastated expanded from the one pargana of around Agra, sacked by Raja Ram, to its highest extent under Churaman, when all the parganas under Agra and Delhi had been sacked and plundered and, from the tumult of that perdition-seeker, the routes and ways were blocked. The Jat rebels had no connection with any particular religious movement. In the Satnami and Sikh rebellions, on the other hand, religion almost entirely replaced caste as the cementing bond among rebel ranks. The Satnamis were a sect of the Bairgis.The traditional date of the foundation of this sect by a native of Narnaul is 1657. The Satnami beliefs, as stated in the sects scripture, centred round an unalloyed monothesim. ritual and superstition were alike condemned, and allegiance was explicitly rendered to Kabir. There was also a definite social looking of t he message. Caste distinctions within the community of believers were forbidden so also ones living on the charity of others. An attitude of sympathy with the poor and hostility towards uthority and wealth is apparent from such commandments as the avocation do not harass the poorshun the company of an unjust king and a monied and dishonest man do not accept a gift from these or from kings. Such a religion could best appeal to the lower classes. In a possible to them made during the early years of Aurangzeb, a revenue official declared that though certain cultivators in a village in the pargana of Bhatnair were living with their women, children, possessions and cattle in the garb of Bairagis, they were not free from the thoughts of sedition and robbery.The revolt in fact began (1672) as a rural affray. Just as it has been said of Islam that it is a religion for towns-people, so it will, perhaps, not wrong to say that Sikhism is a peasant religion. The verses of Guru Nanak are all i n the language of the Jatts of the Punjab. And Jatt in the dialect of the Punjab means a villager, a rustic. Guru Arjan (d. 1606) took the first step in creating a well-set and disciplined organization. The Sikh became a military power under Guru Hargobind (1606-45), who created an army of his own, and, as a result, came into armed collision with Mughal power.He thus founded a tradition, which was doggedly continued by the ending Guru, Gobind Singh (1676-1708), till finally, in 1709-10 Banda was able to put into the field in sarkar Sirhind an army of innumerable men, like ants and locusts, belonging to the low castes of Hindus and bring in to die at his orders. The Marathas undoubtedly constituted the greatest single force responsible for the downfall of the Mughal Empire. On the history of their uprising, and the factors that contributed to its genesis and success, so much has been written that it would seem presumptuous to add to the mass.One can, however, lawfully draw attenti on to the agrarian contexts in which this momentous event took place. Some peasants are not tatterdemalion in paying the authorized revenue, but are made desperate by the evil of this torturesome spoliation it came to be represented at the imperial court that the Marathas obtain collaboration from the peasants of the imperial dominions. It was, thereupon, logical that the horses and weapons found in every village should be confiscated.When this happened in most villages, the peasants, providing themselves with horses and arms, joined the Marathas. Shivaji had used the peasants in a different sphere altogether. They were the Naked Starved Rascals who formed much of his army. Armed with only lances and long sword two inches wide, they were good at Surprising and Ransacking, but not for a pitched Field. They had to live by plunder only, for Shivajis reputed maxim was No Plunder, no pay. This was the form of salvation which Shivaji and his successors held out to the destitute peasant ry of the Dakhin.As Bhimsens account shows, the military operations of the Marathas did not offer any relief to the cultivating peasants. On the contrary, they suffered grievously from the ravages of both the Maratha armies and their opponents. In 1671 the castellan of Udgir reported that reported that owe to the operations of the imperial forces and the villainous enemy all the peasants had fled the pargana and for two years no revenue had been collected, the Mughal too would burn villages, devastate the crop and enslave men and women.As the range of the conflict grew, and the number of victims increased, a still larger number of the naked starved rascals, themselves plundered, had no alternative left but to join the Marathas and become plunderers themselves. And so the unending circle went on. There is no province or district, confesses Aurangzeb in his last years, where the infidels have not raised a tumult and since they are not chastised, they have established themselves everyw here. near of the country has been rendered desolate and if any place is inhabited, the peasants there have probably come to terms with the Robbers Ashqiya, official Mughal name for the Marathas If the peasant distress was at the root of these rebellions that shook the Mughal Empire to its foundations, the rebellions themselves represent a diachronic paradox in that the alleviation of such distress nowhere forms part of rebels proclaimed objectives or of their actual deeds and measures.

Impact of Training and Developement on Employees Essay Example for Free

Impact of study and Developement on Employees Essay1.1 IntroductionThe purpose of instruct is to help people learn something they need to dwell or able to do for specific purpose such as to achieve organizational objectives and goals, bunk out specific tasks, prepare new responsibilities or attain their correct goals. Successful breeding computer programmes touch they affect changes, that are designed to achieve objectives that describe what people will be able to do as result of gentility are learned centered, not trained centered.According to paymond A. Noe etal, 2011 p 7 training is a planed effort to enable employees to learn job related knowledge, skills and behavior. For example many organizations widen safety training to teach employees work safety habits . breeding involves acquiring knowledge, skill and behavior that emend employees ability to meet the ch every(prenominal)enges of a variety of new or existing jobs, including client and customer demands of tho se jobs (Ibid). phylogeny programs often snap on preparing employees for management responsibility, like wise if club plans to set up teams to represent products , it may offer development program to help employee learn the ins and outs of effective team work. Development implies encyclopaedism that is not necessary to related to employees current job and development indicates that it is future oriented (M. londom 1989)training has the hard-hitting role in achievement of an organizational goal by incorporating the interests of organization and the work force( stone R.j human beings resource management, 2002) .however Training and development focus on enabling the employees to perform their duties better date HR functions focus on the day to day operations of the lodge, such as payroll, disability, and employee and management conflicts or issues. HR protects employees and the company by following the correct and legal guidelines for resolutions.1.2 back ground of organizatio nIn 1994 STC (Somaliland Telecommunication Corporation) established by one of Somalilander and it was first Telecommunication confederacy in Somaliland. Later company started to open share by public in order to maximize capacity of the company. Then company expand service throughout main cities of Somaliland, such as Berbera Burco, Boorama and Lowyocado, then it become the biggest Telecommunication Company in Somaliland at that time It was booming for several years then conflict between quisling the main source of the conflict was the administration.Which makes difficult the company to be competitive position compare to some separate that is why liquidation comes too finally. In 2006 January group of Somalilander, and Somalis bought the whole company they change the name of the company, from STC to SITALINK infra the name of SITALINK it was working couple years. In 2008 JULY the name charge once more in to NATIONLINK, which is well(p) now legal name of the company. This is Tel ecommunication Company that offering service of process is All the Somaliland, Somali and other countries like central Africa, Congo, and Switzerland and so on.This is Company corporate.Services offering This Company like* Mobile Service (GSM)* Landlines (PSTN)* Internet (ISP)* E- Mail, Cash Payment (Mobile Money)* VoIP ServiceVisionWorking toward the future demands that we not only focus on todays needs, but also develop technologies for the needs of tomorrow.MissionChange and dynamic thinking is a distinguishing feature we relished over the years. In order To keep up with the pace of innovation and growth in the business of telecommunication our only choice is to embrace forward thinking and better adaptation to change. To ameliorate the art of better adaptation to changes is not a matter of choice, but out of sheer necessity.1.3 argument of problemMy preliminary indirect observation shows us that there is no specific policy of training and development that is guided to employe es. And also invested employees with high cost of training which are sometimes sent to overseas, dissemble from the organization, hence this is loss and it affects the efficiency of an organization. but on the other hand Nation link has all mostly HR policies that is written on organizational procedures, which are delivered to employees in order to act on their activities. As human resource officer of Nation link told the researcher that their HR policies based on Somaliland labor law.1.3 Research questions1.4.1 Did they have HR policy? If yes what did their policy state training and development program conducted in their organization?1.4.2 Is there any criterion to select trainees?1.4.3 What is training methods used?1.4.4 Did training and development program have impact on organizations performance?1.4.5 Who do they use to do their training ?1.4 objective of the study1.5.6 general objectives of the study is to assess the impact of training and development on employees performance of Nation link1.5.7 The specific objective are -a.) To establish HR policy particularly training and development policy b.) To describe how they select trainees c.) To know training method(s) used to conducting training. d.) To understand that training and development have impact on performance of an organization.1.5 scope of the studySince it is difficult to comment on each and every department of nation link due to both the researcher and organizations respondents busy as well and limited time, for these barriers, the researcher would like to focus only on the HR department at the Headquarter in Hargeisa town, because HR activities are handled mainly at the headquarter and this limits the study on activities of training and development.1.6 significance of the study

Argumentative essay Essay Example for Free

Argumentative essay EssayThe nonion of sexual union as an institution which necessarily preserves the vital social values of stability, continuity and propriety, only at the cost of brutally suppressing equally powerful individual needs, naturally comes under scrutiny. During the XX century, there have been heat discussions concerning romantic venerate and its impact on durable dealing. Some people suppose that pre-arranged marriage ceremony ensures long-lasting relations based on trust and financial gain, only when it is also profoundly d kindleous just because it can release and feed as many urges as it satisfies. They state that romantic get by is non a thoroughly basis for marriage. Thesis Romantic screw is a good basis for marriage because it ensures warm and friendly relations between spouses it has a positive impact on human relations and their victimization, and ensures loving and friendly relations with children as product of cheat. Help with Argumentati ve Essay.Romantic fuck is not a good basis for marriage Help with Argumentative essay. Romantic love is not a good basis for marriage Warm and friendly relations between spouses are the core of no-hit marriage and trust. When people meet an ideal somebody their understanding has perceived that the situation calls for some wound up reaction. From the psychological point of view love is caused by the feeling of personal freedom and self-realization. Sexual draw is closely connected with an ideal image created by a person, while the desire to have children reflects sexual affection. It is possible to say that fools fall in love because they need sexual satisfaction with an ideal person to give fork up to their offspring. Marriage is about staying in love and staying together for a lifetime disdain the fact that both partners are individuals who change over time (Marriage is Forever, 2006).The common ground between the sexes, therefore, is acquiring smaller, and the institution o f marriage is beginning to fall to pieces if people do not understand and value for for each one one other. A woman when she marries is cut off from mens society in all save the most formal and intermittent ways. For this reason, love and friendly relations are crucial for winnerful marriage and happiness. Romantic love has a positive impact on human relations and their further development when love disappears. It is not a secret that many couples. Some researchers underline that love therapy is a useable tool to create or restore positive relations and family happiness. Jennifer Chalmers comments that The topic of creating and sustaining the feeling of love was neer discussed in any of the marriage-related workshops that I attended, but the issues discussed were not intended to help couples create the feeling of love (Chalmers, 2006).The author gives special detailed attention to the difficulty which can follow elderly couples, but she underlines that love can be recreated in o rder to save marriage. In this case, love comes from overcoming the barrier by manduction feelings and comforts. Also, when love disappears, people still bond to each other leaving no space for anger and despair (Wilding, 2003). Divorce is the institution, the custom, which enables private life to adjust to the pressures of the market, and divorce is the ideal solution for pre-arranged couples without love (Knapp, Stearns, 1993). On the hand, there is little research which could help to indicate that love actually produce real, come through and through marriages among the poor. Romantic love is the main power which forces people to have a family and give birth. To give birth and to become a parent is a natural wish of nearly every person. For this reason, a male person or female haves a healthy and strong, beautiful and successful person for reproduction. It is an instruct feeling to choose a partner, but it causes falling in love.Every person wants to have good children, and for this reason he/she chooses a special person. Bonding comes with the shared activity afterward, in which people learn about each other through co-operation. Trust emerges not just with sex, but also with shared activity through which people bond by learning to trust each other. Romantic love is a good basis for marriage because it supports an instinct or desire to give birth. It is based on the evolutionary success of pair bonding as a reproductive strategy. This cause is closely connected with sexual attractiveness, but it has antithetical stimuli (Sternberg, Barnes, 1989). Love as care does not refer to an emotion or a state of mind so much as to a human faculty of identification with others, sympathy with all beings.Also, love is a basis for intimate relations and sexuality. Following OSullivan love enhances our well-being, improves the quality of our lives, and helps us to lean over difficult times. Those living without intimate relationships are at risk (OSullivan, 2004, p. 7 1). In addition, for most couples, benignant and compassionate relations help to overcome life grievances and troubles they face. The most appealing feature of romantic love is firm personal standards applied to everything around people. Love iseternal value which can lead to sufferings, but it does not influence the essence of human existence.

Peace Cultures in Action Today Essay Example for Free

sleep Cultures in Action Today EssayIn Peace Cultures in Action Today, the generator argues that some small isolated societies manage to create a culture of tranquility that often ends or is severely modified when they begin interacting with outside cultures. The argument then is that the greater society of the world is less(prenominal) peaceful than these small isolated societies. This theory warrants further study, especially in the area of how these societies react when confronted with societies that do not have the same values.For example, when the Zuni and Inuit are confronted by the larger populace of the United States, do they incur more competitive? The interesting question here then is, Is competititiveness and aggression a learned style? In the piece, To Construct Peace , Elise and Kenneth Boulding too argue that peaceable existence is a learned look and that it can be taught. Elise was nominated for a Nobel Peace Prize for this theory, but it does not seem cur iously sound.Even their own pacifist leanings led to conflict. Though the conflict was in the court systems over the correct to become a citizen without an oath to bear arms for the country and a battle over their refusal to fall guy anti-Communist statements during the McCarthy era, it was still a conflict based on their moral standing. Therefore, it is safe to believe that even in people who believe in and are taught to live in peace, conflict may be fatal when dealing with the real world.Later the same peace cites Thomas Merton and his poetry and meditations against war and his disappointment that the perform could support a just war theory. This again is an interesting position that requires more exploration. Should society get out tragic events to continue because of a belief in peace or should war become a tool of peace? The moral and social ambiguities are clear.If a person is being oppressed and his pacificits nature is being used to subjugate or eradicate him, isnt th ere some point at which man must fight for his own survival? This is the point that all of the essayists seem to miss. Peace for peaces sake is a good thing and being taught to attempt peaceful coexistence before in a flash turning to aggressive behaviors may be appropriate. However, if the species is to survive, at some point base instincts overcome development and the fight for survival becomes more powerful that the desire for peace.

HPLC Analysis of Caffeine Essay Example for Free

HPLC Analysis of Caffeine look forThe main objective of this lab is to gain experience in using and reading results from the HPLC machine. 2) The first mis call is to inject a series of caffeine standards into the machine in order to get results/values of raising height and area. 3) The next step is to investigate the effects of a series of HPLC parameters on Retention time, bill height and peak area. 4) To use above data from peak height and area to construct two standard curves vs concentration. Introduction Caffeine is a common organic molecule found in many an(prenominal) beverages such as coffee, tea, and cola.It is a stimulant to the central nervous system. Which is why the majority of the population use it in one form or another to help stay alert. In general hatful drink caffeinated drinks like the ones mentioned above in order to obtain their fix. However with many fresh studies in the area caffeine tablets are be flood tide a very popular way for athletes in lo ts of different sports to stay alert even when fatigue is setting in. HPLC stands for High Performance smooth Chromatography but is too referred to as High Pressure Liquid Chromatography.It is used for separating multifariousnesss either to analyse the change or to separate a required product from others in a reaction mixture. It can also be used to find the relative amounts of different fixingss in a mixture. HPLC works along the analogous lines as paper chromatography. In paper chromatography a liquid (mobile phase) moves past a solid (stationary phase). In paper chromatography the stationary phase consists of water molecules bound to the cellulose in the paper, the mobile phase carries different components of the mixture along with it.How fast each one moves depends on its relative affinity for the mobile and stationary phases. In HPLC the stationary phase is a solid packed into a newspaper column and the liquid is forced by the column by high pressure pumps. The pumps fo rce the mixed solvents through the column the solvent acclivitous from the column carries the separated components of the mixture and is passed into the detector where a beam of ultraviolet light shines through it. in that respect are many different types of detector depending on what you areanalysing. This light is at a wavelength that is oblivious by all the components to be separated. When the detector reading drops the component that is absorbing the UV light is coming out of the column and passing through the detector. The time it takes for each component to come off the column is called its retention time and can be used to help identify it. The more polar component comes off the column first followed by the less polar. Materials As per laboratory manual.